For those that are interested in learning more about turn-of-the-century New York City, here is a short list of some of the books I have turned to over the course of my research:  

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Edwin Burrows and Mike Wallace, Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999)

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Daniel Czitrom, New York Exposed: The Gilded Age Police Scandal That Launched the Progressive Era (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016)  

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Timothy Gilfoyle, A Pickpocket’s Tale: The Underworld of Nineteenth-Century New York (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2006)

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Matthew Frye Jacobsen, Barbarian Virtues: The United States Encounters Foreign Peoples at Home and Abroad, 1876-1917 (New York: Hill and Wang, 2001) 

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Lisa Keller, Triumph of Order: Democracy & Public Space in New York and London (New York: Columbia University Press, 2009)

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Louis Menand, The Metaphysical Club: A Story of Ideas in America (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2001)